Turbine-engine.



a, W. WEISS. TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 19. 1903.

Patented June 29, 1909.

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TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED SBPT.19,.1903.

Patented June 29; 1909.

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UNITED STATES, PAIENT OFFICE.

CARL w. WEISS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TURBINE-ENGINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL WV. WEISS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, of the city of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

In Letters Patent of the United States, No. 710,130, dated September 30, 1902, there is shown and described a source of energy in which the pressure depends upon the development of high temperature, the ener y being utilized by direct impingement of t e hot blast upon the blades of a turbine, as set forth in the specification and drawings of said patent. It is clear that on account of the intense heat of the hot gases Within the turbine, the temperature of the turbine and of the exhaust from the turbine will be very high, and the heat of the exhaust, under the usual conditions of operation, is a total loss. Furthermore, the intense heat of the blast developed by the ap aratus shown in said patent is found to be estructive to the turbine, as well asv to the nozzle of the generating apparatus and therefore while it is necessary to make the temperature of the blast or jet as high as possible, it is also desirable to reduce the temperature at or in the turbine. It will be obvious that ordinary cooling devices, such as are employed in other forms of motors, are inefiicient or practically im ossible of application in the operation 0 motors of the type herein referred to, and also that such cooling devices have been neutral, that is, have effected the cooling of the apparatuses to which they were applied without changing their efficiency.

It is proposed by this invention to increase the efliciency of hot blast turbines, and to eliminate the destructive effect of the hot blast u on the turbine. It has been found that t e desired results can be accomplished by the ap lication, independently of the hot blast or riving jet, within the turbine, of a working medium preferably steam, at a temperaturelower than that of the dliving jet of fluid. The result of this is not only to reduce the temperature with- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 19, 1903.

Patented June 29, 1909.

Serial No. 173,754.

in the turbine to a degree which is not destructive, but to increase the efficiency of the turbine through the expansion of the steam and the consequent reaction without lower ing the temperature of the hot blast. It

is obvious thatthe meansherein described of reducing the temperature and increasing the efficiency of hot blast turbines is inde pendent of the particular form of apparatus with which it may be practiced as well as of the particular form of the turbine to the operation of which it may be applied, and 5 in the accompanying drawings several 'dif ferent structures are represented as illustrative of the different forms of apparatus and turbines with which the method can be e1nployed.

In said drawiugs,Figure 1 is a View showing, in section, a turbine and suitable connections for supplying the two working media, the sources of such working media being indicated in elevation; Figs. 2 and 3 5 are similar views illustrating different forms; Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views, in longitdinal and transverse section respectively, illustrating features of construction of the turbine shown in Fig. 3. 30

In the structure illustrated in Fig. 1 provision is made for the introduction of thetwo jets of working medium or fluid, of high and relatively low temperatures respectively into the turbine, at different 5 points. The single turbine wheel a is shown as provided with the usual blades or buckets b, the wheel bein inclosed in a cylindrical casing 0 provided, as usual, with exhaust outlets as at (1. At the proper point in the casing is located the nozzle e by which the hot blast from the generator f is introduced and directed against the blades or buckets of the wheel. At another point, preferably a little beyond the nozzle e, and preferably in the direction of rotation of the wheel, is a second nozzle which is connected with a source of suppFy, represented by the pipe h, of a working medium or fluid of lower temperature than the driving substance or fluid, such substance or fluid, as already suggested, being preferably steam. In the operationof the turbine the jet of cooler substance delivered directly to the turbine through the nozzle g, impinges upon the blades or buckets of the wheel a alreadyset in motion by the driving jet from the nozzle 6, and reduces the temperature of the wheel without in any degree reducing the efliciency of the blast through the nozzle-e. Furthermore, as the steam impinges upon the blades or buckets of the wheel its own temperature is raised and through its further expansion and re action the efliciency of the turbine is further increased.

In Fig. 2' the turbine is represented as a compound turbine, having two rotary wheels aand a and intermediate stationary vanes a while exhaust openings are provided at d in the side wall of the casing, this construction being well known. The nozzle through which the hot blast is delivered is, in this case, so formed as to be cooled somewhat by the cooler fluid employed, the cooling of the nozzle itself not operating to reduce the efficiency of the blast. To this end the nozzle is itself compound, comprising an inner channel 6 through'which the hot blast is delivered to the wheel, and an annular encircling channel 9 which is connected to the source of supply h of the cooler fluid, and through which the cooling medium is delivgil'ed to this turbine independently of the hot ast.

In the structural embodiment of the invention represented in. Figs. 3, L, and 5, a

single wheel a is 'shown as mounted within a casing 0 the latter being provided in its side wall with exhaust openings as at d The hot blast nozzle e and the generator f are arranged substantially as described with reference to Fig. 1. The wheel (1, however, has a tubular hub a which communicates through radial channels a with lateral channels a located in the blades 6 The cooler fluid is delivered to the turbine through the tubular hub a and escapes through the channels a reducin the temperature of the wheel and being ltself further expanded and l1:)eacting to increase the efliciency of the tur- It will be understood that both the working media, the products of combustion and the steam as specifically mentioned, are delivered or applied to the rotating element of my-turbirne continuously, and that the Working medium of higher temperature, the products of combustion, is delivered thereto at high temperature and without preliminary cooling. By this latter statement I mean that the products of combustion are delivered to the rotary element at as high a temperature as possible; and that I avoid as much as possible all features of construction, and all treatment of the products of combustion, which would tend to cool the said products before they are delivered to the turbine. I am, of course, aware that it would be a physical impossibility to deliver the products of combustion to the turbine Wheel at absolutely the same temperature as the temperature of combustion, and that there will necessarily be some cooling of the said products as they pass to the turbine. I,

however, aim to avoid this cooling action to.

as great an extent as possible.

Various other embodiments and practical expressions of the invention will readily suggest themselves.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a turbine operated by products of combustion under pressure, a rotating ele ment; means for applying products of combustion continuously and at high temperature and without preliminary cooling to said rotating element; and means independent of said first mentioned means for simultaneously and continuously applying to said rotating element a second working medium, the temperature of said second medium being lower than that of said products of combustion.

2. In aturbine operated by products of combustion under pressure, a rotating ele ment; a nozzle adapted to deliver products of combustion continuously and at high temperatureand without preliminary cooling to said rotating element; and a second nozzle adapted to simultaneously and continuously deliver a second working medium to said rotating element, the temperature of said second medium being lower than that of said products of combustion.

3. In a turbine operated by products of combustion under pressure, a rotating element; a nozzle adapted to' deliver products of combustion continuously and at high temperature and without preliminary cooling to one portion of said rotating element; and a second nozzle adapted to simultaneously and continuously deliver a second working medium to another portion of said rotating element, the temperature of said second medium being lower than that of said products of combustion.

4:. In a turbine operated by products of combustion under pressure, a rotating element; a nozzle adapted to deliver products of combustion continuously and at high temperature and without preliminary cooling to said rotating element; and a second nozzle adapted to simultaneously and continuously deliver steam under pressure to said rotating element.

5. In a turbine operated by products of combustion under pressure, a rotating ele- .another portion of said rotating element.

6. In a turbine'operated by products of combustion under pressure, a rotating element having a series of blades formed upon its periphery; a nozzle adapted to deliver second medium being lower than that of products of combustion contlnuously and at said products "of combustion. 10 high temperature and without preliminary This specification signed and witnessed cooling to one portion of said series of this 15th day of September A. D., 1903.

5 blades; and a second nozzle adapted to simul- CARL W. WEISS.

taneously and continuously deliver a second In the presence of working medium to another portion of said JOHN M. SooBLE,

series of blades, the temperature of said M. A. BRAYLEY. 

